Author Archives: truemeds

DS-8201 (Trastuzumab Deruxtecan), also known as trastuzumab deruxtecan (Enhertu), is a next-generation antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) that targets HER2-expressing cancers. By combining a monoclonal antibody with a topoisomerase I inhibitor, it delivers chemotherapy directly into cancer cells, minimizing harm to healthy tissue. Approved for HER2-positive and HER2-low breast cancer, as well as HER2-mutant lung and gastric […]

SGLT-2 inhibitors are a class of medications used primarily to manage type 2 diabetes by lowering blood glucose levels through the excretion of glucose in urine. These drugs offer additional benefits, including weight loss, improved cardiovascular health, and protection against kidney damage. A careful assessment of individual health conditions and potential risks is essential for […]

Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (C3G) is a prominent anthocyanin found in various red, blue, and purple fruits and vegetables. It exhibits strong antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and potential disease-preventing properties, contributing to cardiovascular, metabolic, and cognitive health. Despite its low natural bioavailability, recent advances in encapsulation and delivery systems have enhanced its functional applications in food, nutraceuticals, and cosmetics. This […]

Genomic instability is a defining hallmark of cancer, arising from the accumulation of mutations and chromosomal abnormalities that allow malignant cells to evolve and adapt. Central to the maintenance of genome fidelity are the DNA damage response (DDR) pathways, in which the checkpoint kinases Chk1 and Chk2 serve as essential regulatory nodes. These kinases integrate […]

Porphobilinogen is a fundamental intermediate in the heme biosynthesis pathway, linking simple metabolic precursors to complex tetrapyrrole structures essential for cellular function. This article reviews the biochemical nature of porphobilinogen, its role in heme production, and its clinical relevance in disorders such as acute hepatic porphyrias. It further explores the value of porphobilinogen in biomedical […]

Zoliflodacin is a promising new oral antibiotic developed to treat drug-resistant gonorrhea, a growing global health threat. Unlike traditional antibiotics, it targets the GyrB subunit of bacterial DNA gyrase and is effective against resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae strains. Clinical trials have demonstrated high efficacy, safety, and global susceptibility. While resistance concerns exist, global surveillance and antimicrobial […]

Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) is a multifunctional serine/threonine kinase that regulates a broad range of cellular processes essential for neuronal homeostasis. Increasing evidence implicates dysregulated GSK-3 signaling in the pathogenesis of major neurodegenerative disorders, particularly Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease. GSK-3 directly interacts with and phosphorylates key disease-associated proteins, including tau, β-amyloid, and α-synuclein, thereby […]

The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a highly conserved signaling kinase that plays a central role in coordinating cellular growth, metabolism, and survival in response to environmental cues. By integrating signals derived from nutrient availability, growth factors, energy status, and cellular stress, mTOR ensures that anabolic and catabolic processes are precisely balanced to maintain […]